New Progress And Future Challenges In Basic Theory Of Electromagnetic Waves

Abstract

Electromagnetic wave theory is the core part of modern science and technology, and these theories have made remarkable breakthroughs in recent years, driven by new materials, quantum technology, and artificial intelligence (AI). Unique electromagnetic properties are provided by new materials like topological insulators for applications; quantum technology expands the boundary of information processing; and artificial intelligence optimizes the design and analysis of electromagnetic systems. On the theoretical side, non-local theories, topological effects, and extreme condition models have become popular among researchers, providing a theoretical basis for the design of new electromagnetic equipment. However, the development of electromagnetic theories still faces many challenges, including the unification of quantum and classical theories, experimental substantiation under extreme conditions, and the computational complexity of multi-scale problems. In the future, interdisciplinary cooperation will be a crucial part of solving these core difficulties, and the combination of AI and electromagnetic theories is expected to drive the further development of electromagnetic technology and provide more efficient and safer solutions for 6G communication, quantum computing, and energy transmission.