Analysis of Communication Requirements and Key Technologies for V2X in Autonomous Driving

Abstract

Autonomous driving technology has emerged as a core component of future transportation systems with advancements in artificial intelligence and electronic information technology. However, its large-scale deployment is challenged by requirements for real-time performance, reliability, and coordination. Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication technology enables the sharing of information across all transportation elements, making it a key enabler for the implementation of autonomous driving. This paper systematically analyzes the core communication requirements of autonomous driving for V2X, reviews the architectural foundations of V2X technology, investigates communication mechanisms supporting multi-source perception data fusion, and proposes an integrated 'vehicle-road-cloud' collaborative framework. Additionally, it leverages Perception-Communication-Computing Integration technology to enhance system performance. Addressing key communication challenges such as signal propagation delay, synchronization of multi-source heterogeneous networks, and environmental interference, this paper proposes precise time synchronization, frequency synchronization, phase synchronization optimization techniques, and machine learning algorithm application solutions. Research confirms that V2X communication serves as the core enabling technology for advanced intelligence and large-scale deployment of autonomous driving systems. Its evolution toward high reliability, ultra-high speed, and intelligent ubiquity will be driven by future 6G communication networks, facilitating comprehensive upgrading of intelligent transportation systems.