A Study on the Spatial-Temporal Evolution of Greenhouse Areas in Mountainous and Plain Regions Based on Remote Sensing: A Case Study of Fujian Province

Abstract

With the development of facility agriculture, greenhouses have become an important part of modern agriculture, and timely mastery of the spatial and temporal trends of greenhouse area is of great significance for optimizing the allocation of agricultural resources and promoting sustainable development. Remote sensing technology provides an efficient means for greenhouse monitoring, which can realize the systematic analysis of changes in greenhouse area in topographically heterogeneous areas. In this study, the spatial and temporal changes of greenhouses in mountainous areas and plains in Fujian Province were analyzed based on Landsat remote sensing data from 2015 to 2024 using the random forest algorithm. The results show that spatially, greenhouses in the plains are concentrated and continuous, while greenhouses in the mountainous areas are distributed sporadically. In time, the area of greenhouses in the mountainous region increased dramatically at an average annual rate of 17.84%, from about 15 square kilometers to about 70 square kilometers. The plains, on the other hand, declined and then increased, with the total area showing a slow upward trend. The interaction of topographic, economic and policy factors together drove this spatial-temporal evolutionary process, and the results of this study can provide a scientific basis for the differentiated planning of agricultural greenhouses in Fujian Province.