Review of Roof Insulation Technologies: A Systematic Analysis of Material Properties and Structural Design

Abstract

Objective: To optimize roof thermal insulation performance for reducing building energy consumption (accounting for 32% of global energy use) and roof heat loss (10–25%), thereby contributing to carbon neutrality goals. Method: A systematic review of core elements was conducted, encompassing: (1) insulation material properties (organic polymers, inorganic fibers, eco-materials); (2) structural designs (conventional, inverted, ventilated, green roofs); and (3) techno-economic analysis. Results: ·Materials: PIR exhibits superior fire resistance; XPS offers excellent waterproofing; aerogel demonstrates extremely low thermal conductivity. ·Structures: Inverted roofs extend waterproofing membrane lifespan; ventilated roofs effectively reduce cooling loads; green roofs provide ecological benefits. ·Techno-economics: Analysis identified XPS-based inverted roofs as the most cost-effective solution (lowest lifecycle cost, shorter payback period). Region-specific optimizations were recommended (e.g., PU/PIR with ventilation for cold climates; rock wool/glass wool with reflective coatings for hot-humid zones). ·Emerging Technologies: Potential was noted for phase change materials (PCMs), building-integrated photovoltaic-insulation systems (BIPVIS), and self-healing membranes. ·Design Principle: System design must comprehensively consider fire safety, economic viability, and ecological requirements.