Comparative Analysis of PBR and NPR: Technical Pathways, Resource Investment and Applicability

Abstract

Physically Based Rendering (PBR) and Non-Photorealistic Rendering (NPR) represent the two main development paths in computer graphics. PBR emphasizes physical realism and has become the standard in film and largescale games, while NPR highlights stylized expression and is commonly found in animation and indie works. For low-budget production teams, finding a balance between visual effects and resource costs is a key issue. This paper provides a comprehensive review of typical research and applications of photorealistic rendering (PBR) and Non-Photorealistic Rendering (NPR) based on a systematic survey of relevant literature. The study starts from the technical approach, analyzing the differences between the two in rendering principles and implementation methods. At the same time, from the perspective of computing and production cost analysis, compare its input requirements in terms of hardware computing power, asset creation, labor costs, and development cycle. Finally, combining practical application scenarios such as films, games, and animation, the paper explore their applicability and limitations in different types of works. Building on this foundation, this paper further draws on existing academic research and industry case studies to summarize the respective strengths and weaknesses of the two approaches, and proposes reasonable selection strategies under low-cost constraints, with the aim of providing references for future research and practical production.