Key Technologies for Stabilization in Space Laser Communication Tracking Systems

Abstract

Free-space laser communication is poised to revolutionize next-generation space networks by offering unparalleled bandwidth and security. However, its deployment is critically challenged by the demanding requirement for stable pointing and tracking under dynamic disturbances such as satellite platform micro-vibrations and atmospheric turbulence. This review comprehensively surveys the key technologies designed to overcome these challenges, encompassing digital twin-driven modeling, advanced spot localization algorithms, optical phased arrays for nonmechanical beam steering, and deep learning techniques for wavefront prediction and compensation. The comparative analysis reveals that while these approaches have significantly advanced the field—enabling sub-microradian accuracy and enhanced robustness—fundamental bottlenecks persist. These include limited adaptability to extreme environments, high hardware dependency, and challenges in system-level integration. It is conclude that the future trajectory of stable tracking technology lies in the intelligent convergence of these domains, which is essential for developing the robust, autonomous systems required to realize seamless integrated air-space-ground networks.