Global Population Dynamics and Conservation Outcomes of the Genus Panthera

Abstract

As apex predators within global ecosystems, Panthera species play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and biodiversity. However, influenced by multiple factors such as human activities, habitat loss, poaching, and illegal trade, their populations have continued to decline worldwide. This paper comprehensively analyzes the population dynamics and conservation effectiveness of Panthera species and their subspecies across different intercontinental regions, drawing on multi-source databases including the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, the Living Planet Index (LPI), GBIF, and CITES. The results reveal that most populations are in decline; although certain regions show signs of recovery due to conservation measures, the overall situation remains critical. The study further highlights that the establishment of protected areas, cross-border cooperation, and anti-poaching policies have improved the survival status of some species to a certain extent, yet substantial regional disparities persist. By comparing global conservation outcomes and population trends, this research provides a scientific foundation for developing more targeted conservation strategies, offering important insights for future global biodiversity conservation.