Lithium Dendrite Suppression and Safety Enhancement in Lithium-ion Batteries

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely applied in portable electronics, electric vehicles, and large-scale energy storage due to their high energy density and long cycle life. However, the growth of lithium dendrites during cycling poses serious safety hazards, including internal short circuits and thermal runaway, while also reducing battery lifespan and efficiency. This paper systematically reviews the formation mechanism of lithium dendrites, their impacts on safety and performance, and recent strategies to suppress their growth. Approaches such as electrolyte modification, solid-state electrolytes, separator enhancement, and electrode engineering are analyzed with reference to the latest studies. The review highlights that dendrite suppression is essential for achieving safe and durable LIBs. Future research directions include integrating experimental and computational methods, advancing scalable fabrication techniques, and promoting interdisciplinary innovations to accelerate practical applications. It is sure that continuous breakthroughs in lithium dendrite control technologies will sustainably drive the further development of high-performance LIB systems.