Physical and Chemical Adsorption of Hydrogen Storage Nanoporous Materials: Characteristics, Modifications and Applications

Abstract

This article reviews the application and research progress of nanoporous materials in the field of hydrogen storage. Hydrogen energy is a type of clean energy source, hydrogen energy's efficient storage is the key to achieving hydrogen economy. The article first outlines the main kinds of adsorption of hydrogen storage technology, covering different methods such as physical adsorption technology, chemical adsorption technology and composite material adsorption technology. Subsequently, these technologies are further categorized and the materials that utilize these technologies are introduced, especially the performance characteristics and practical application of physical adsorption hydrogen storage materials (such as some carbon-based nanomaterials) and chemical porous materials (such as metal hydrides) were analyzed. It is especially pointed out in the article that the hydrogen storage capacity of nanomaterials can experience a significant improvement through microstructure optimization design and collaborative construction of composite materials. Finally, it is emphasized that reducing the working temperature and optimizing the pore size distribution are important ways to change the performance of hydrogen storage, and the future development prospects of the hydrogen economy are forecasted. Meanwhile, the practical application cases of physical adsorption materials, chemical adsorption materials and various hydrogen storage materials that have been optimized for treatment are listed in detail.