Millimeter-Wave Communication for Autonomous Driving: Principles, Applications, and Challenges

Abstract

With the development of autonomous driving technology and the construction of smart cities, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication has emerged as a key enabler for ensuring reliable autonomous vehicle operations. Due to advantages such as high bandwidth and low latency, millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication has become an important means of communication in driverless cars. At present, many scholars have carried out a lot of experiments and research around the application of mmWave communication in unmanned driving. This paper analyses the basic principles of mmWave communication and comprehensively discusses these studies and models. These studies provide guidance for the application of mmWave communication in autonomous driving technology. It also summarizes the challenges faced by mmWave communications in unmanned vehicles, such as bad weather and high mobility challenges. Additionally, the paper explores how emerging 6G communication paradigms can be leveraged to address the limitations of mmWave systems, particularly in the context of evolving vehicular communication infrastructures.