Analysis of vegetation cover changes in the context of urbanization in Wuhan based on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

Abstract

In this study, the vegetation cover changes in Wuhan city in the context of rapid urbanization were analyzed by calculating the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) using Landsat satellite imagery in 2004, 2015, and 2024. The results of the study revealed a significant decrease in vegetation cover in the fringe areas of Wuhan between 2004 and 2015 due to urban expansion. However, between 2015 and 2024, with the implementation of ecological restoration and greening projects, the vegetation cover was restored and improved in some areas, especially in the new urban areas and ecological construction zones. The NDVI difference analysis showed the spatial distribution characteristics of vegetation degradation and restoration, pointing out the unevenness of vegetation cover changes in the urbanization process. This study highlights the importance of balancing urban development and ecological environmental protection in the process of urbanization and provides a scientific basis for urban ecological planning and sustainable development in Wuhan. Meanwhile, the methodology and findings of this study can serve as a reference for ecological studies in other rapidly urbanizing regions and help to understand and address the ecological challenges posed by urbanization.