Application of Electrospun Nanofiber Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering

Abstract

Electrospun nanofiber scaffolds play a pivotal role in tissue repair due to their biomimetic three-dimensional structure that mimics the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), tunable mechanical properties, and excellent biocompatibility. This article first reviews the application mechanisms of nanofiber scaffolds fabricated by this technology in bone, cardiac, vascular, and neural tissue engineering. Subsequently, in the field of personalized precision medicine, an innovative three-dimensional pathway strategy is proposed, integrating CT/MRI imaging modeling, AI algorithm optimization, and smart responsive materials to achieve anatomical compatibility and dynamic regulation of personalized scaffolds. Finally, future advancements of this technology may involve the integration of microfluidic chips, 4D printing deformation response, and multi-material collaborative manufacturing techniques to construct biomimetic scaffolds with gradient interfaces and dynamic adaptability. Although this type of scaffold shows good prospects in tissue repair, it still faces challenges in large-scale production, biocompatibility stability and long-term efficacy in clinical transformation. In the future, with the integration of smart materials and personalized medical technology, electrospun nanofiber scaffolds are expected to be more widely used in the field of regenerative medicine.