Sedentary Behavior and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: An Analysis of NHANES 2011–2018

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading global cause of death, with modifiable factors like physical inactivity and sedentary behavior being critical. This study utilized NHANES 2011–2018 data to explore the associations of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and diet quality with CVD risk. Results showed regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) significantly reduced CVD risk, while prolonged sedentary time increased it; MVPA could partially offset sedentary harm, and poor diet quality was independently linked to higher CVD risk. These findings inform targeted interventions for cardiovascular health improvement, emphasizing the combined promotion of active lifestyles and healthy eating. Future research should evaluate long-term behavioral changes and integrated public health strategies to prevent CVD across diverse populations. In addition, incorporating longitudinal tracking, objective activity measurement, and social determinants of health could improve causal inference. Policymakers should integrate environmental, behavioral, and dietary interventions into community-level programs to achieve sustainable cardiovascular health equity. Interdisciplinary collaboration will be essential to translate these insights into effective global prevention frameworks.