Dual Research on Drug Efficacy and Toxicity: A Multidisciplinary Integration Perspective

Abstract

In modern society, drugs serve as the most prevalent approach to treating diseases. Nevertheless, while combating illnesses, drugs may also trigger adverse responses in the human body, encompassing side effects, toxic reactions, allergic reactions, secondary reactions, residual effects, and teratogenic effects. Take rifampicin as an example: excessive administration of this drug can lead to acute or chronic toxic damage to the circulatory, respiratory, and nervous systems, as well as disrupt the functions of the liver, kidneys, bone marrow, and endocrine organs.[1] Consequently, identifying the potential toxicity of drugs and safeguarding medication safety have become a crucial component in the process of drug research and development (R&D) and clinical application. As technologies like multi-omics, systems biology, and artificial intelligence (AI) continue to advance, interdisciplinary research has gradually evolved into a new paradigm for assessing drug efficacy and toxicology. This paper aims to explore the synergistic mechanisms underlying drug efficacy and toxicity across multiple biological levels, including molecular, cellular, organ, and systemic levels.