School Connectedness and Mental Health of LGBTQ+ Students in China: A Mixed-methods Study

Abstract

LGBTQ+ youth face significantly elevated risks of mental health issues within recent society, with notably higher levels of depression and suicidal ideation compared to the heterosexual population. Researchers focused on the mental health status and campus connection of LGBTQ+ students, exploring their potential role in alleviating the psychological distress of LGBTQ+ students. They referred to social identity theory, protective factor models, and numerous other theories. This study employed a mixed method combining structured questionnaires and open-ended questions to collect data from 177 high school and college students in China. Based on the data, the depression level of LGBTQ+ students was significantly higher than the heterosexual students. There was a trend of negative correlation between campus connection and depression, but the correlation did not reach statistical significance. Open-ended responses allowed researchers to understand their past experiences and further observe the real situation of sexual minority students on campus, such as the importance of teachers' understanding and acceptance, companionship from peers, and gender-inclusive policies. It also made researchers aware of the widespread existence of campus discrimination and social isolation. The study drew on useful strategies during the same period or earlier, such as enhancing campus inclusiveness through institutional guarantees, curriculum reforms, and psychological counseling support, and establishing student-led student unions to improve the living conditions and further mental health of LGBTQ+ adolescents.