France’s Climate Diplomacy Between Identity and Interest: Strategic Adjustments After the Russia-Ukraine War

Abstract

This study focuses on the strategic adjustments in France’s climate diplomacy following the Russia-Ukraine war. Grounded in the theoretical frameworks of realism and constructivism, it analyzes France’s policy shifts under the dual pressures of energy crisis and geopolitical upheaval, examining the inherent conflict between institutional dependence and strategic autonomy in its climate diplomacy, as well as the tension between its constructed identity as a “climate leader” and its tangible national interests. The findings reveal that the war prompted France to reassess energy security and industrial competitiveness, resulting in pragmatic retrenchment of climate policies—manifested through restarting coal-fired power plants, delaying nuclear phase-outs, seeking exemptions within mechanisms like the EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), and reducing climate finance commitments. These actions exposed France’s “theory versus reality” dilemma in global climate governance. Consequently, France attempted identity reconstruction toward a “green pragmatist,” accepting a devaluation of its moral capital. This research offers a new perspective for understanding the strategic logic of French climate diplomacy and its policy adaptations under geopolitical shocks. It underscores the imperative to establish more resilient international climate institutions capable of absorbing geopolitical disruptions.