An Analysis of the Argumentative Thinking in The Works of Mencius

Abstract

During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, the philosophers of the Hundred Schools of Thought frequently travelled to persuade rulers and engaged in debates with other schools of thought in order to propagate their doctrines. Among them, Mencius was renowned for his mastery of eloquent discourse. This study focuses on the argumentative thinking manifested in The Works of Mencius, employing methods of documentary analysis and close textual reading to explore three specific dimensions: theoretical framework, methodological techniques, and logical reasoning. Research indicates that the argumentative thinking within Mencius’ prose manifests specifically through a coherent theoretical framework grounded in the principles of benevolence, righteousness, propriety, and wisdom; through argumentative techniques such as analogy, patient and gradual persuasion, and ‘holding it with room for the exigency of circumstances’; and through a logical approach characterized by interlocking reasoning, pinpointing vulnerabilities, and delivering precise rebuttals. It is evident that The Works of Mencius indeed possesses a systematic and sophisticated argumentative structure. Although certain flaws exist, it nonetheless demonstrates Mencius’s exceptional debating skills and the outstanding value of The Works of Mencius.